Title Microscopic investigation of intrinsic defects in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers grown by chemical vapour deposition
Title (english) Rad ne sadrži naslov na drugom jeziku.
Author Ana Senkić
Mentor Nataša Vujičić (mentor)
Mentor Marin Karuza (komentor)
Committee member Marko Kralj (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Christoph Gadermaier https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-9644 (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Aleksandar Matković https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-6220 (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka (Faculty of Physics) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2024-01-19, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline NATURAL SCIENCES Physics
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 53 - Physics
Abstract The investigation of two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted a great interest after
the discovery of the one-atom-thick material - graphene, in 2004. Due to its semimetallic
nature, graphene is not suitable for easy implementation in the semiconducting industry.
On the other hand, layered semiconducting materials, such as monolayer (1L) MoS2,
have been proven to be good candidates for fabrication of various devices. Its bandgap
is in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, making it a good candidate for
various applications: photovoltaics, solar cells, transistors, etc. The biggest obstacle in the
industrialization of 2D materials is reproducible and cheap synthesis which would produce
high-quality, large-area samples with small defect concentration. High-quality samples can
be fabricated with the mechanical exfoliation technique, but its major drawbacks are that
it is not scalable nor reproducible. On the other hand, the chemical vapour deposition
(CVD) technique has all the desirable properties, but the optimization of the growth
parameters is time-consuming. Not all CVD-grown samples have the same quality, since
this is highly dependent on the growth parameters.
The focus of the first part of my Thesis is establishing the optimum growth parameters which yield samples with desirable properties: high-quality, large lateral size MoS2
monocrystals with small defect concentration. Afterwards, the spatial distribution of
intrinsic defects in 1L MoS2 was determined using various non-invasive microscopic techniques. These results were correlated with the growth parameters and it was shown that
the growth temperature (TG) has a major effect on the defect concentration and type
in 1L MoS2. Even though all samples analysed in Chapter 4 have equilateral triangular
shape, their optical and electronic properties differ due to different growth parameters.
The final part of my Thesis involves the utilisation of intrinsic defects in 1L MoS2. By
mixing different metallic precursors in the CVD growth process, it is possible to synthesise
either alloys or heterostructures. This route of defect-engineering can provide a material
with completely new properties, which are not typical for the host material. In Chapter 5 preliminary all-optical analyses of monolayer Mo1−xWxS2 and complex WS2/MoS2
heterostructure are presented.
Abstract (english) Istraživanje dvodimenzionalnih (2D) materijala je doživjelo procvat nakon izoliranja jednog sloja grafita - grafena. Grafen je materijal debljine jednog atoma ugljika, koji ima
odličnu vodljivost te čvrstoću. Budući da je grafen polumetal, njegova primjena u poluvodičkoj industriji zahtijeva komplicirane i skupe tehnike modificiranja njegovog energijskog
procijepa. S druge strane, slojeviti poluvodički materijali, poput MoS2, su odlični kandidati za proizvodnju uređaja koji su se dosada temeljili na siliciju. Jednosloj (1L) MoS2
ima energijski procijep u vidljivom dijelu elektromagnetskog spektra, što ga čini vrlo pogodnim materijalom za proizdvodnju raznih uređaja: solarne ćelije, tranzistore, diode itd.
Najveća prepreka u industrijalizaciji 2D materijala je nepostojanje procesa sinteze koji
će rezultirati s visokokvalitetnim, monokristalnim uzorcima velike površine i s niskom
koncentracijom defekata. Visokokvalitetni uzorci se mogu proizvesti metodom mehaničke
eksfolijacije, međutim, najveći nedostatci ove metode su nereproducibilnost i neskalabilnost. S druge strane, tehnika kemijske depozicije para (eng. chemical vapour deposition -
CVD) ima sva poželjna svojstva te je uz to jeftina tehnika, ali je uspostavljanje idealnih
parametara rasta vremenski vrlo zahtjevno. Parametri rasta bitno utječu na svojstva i
kvalitetu materijala, kao i na koncentraciju te vrstu defekata. Uzorci naraštani pri idealnim parametrima rasta imaju prostorno homogena optička i elektronička svojstva na
skali od ∼ 40µm, ali su ta svojstva i vremenski homogena, u smislu da se ne mijenjaju
značajno zbog utjecaja atmosferskih uvjeta.
Prvi dio moje doktorske disertacije odnosi se na uspostavljanje parametara rasta koji
rezultiraju uzorcima poželjnih svojstava: visoko-kvalitetni, monokristalinični uzorci velike površine i niske koncentracije defekata. Nadalje, istraživala sam prostornu raspodjelu
intrinzičnih defekata u 1L MoS2 koristeći neinvazivne mikroskopske tehnike. Rezultate
sam korelirala sa parametrima rasta te sam pokazala kako temperatura rasta (TG) uvelike
utječe na koncentraciju i vrstu defekata u 1L MoS2. Iako svi uzorci analizirani u četvrtom poglavlju imaju oblik jednakostraničnog trokuta, bez vidljivih granica zrna ili drugih
pukotina, njihova optička i elektronička svojstva se razlikuju upravo zbog toga što su naraštani na drugačijim TG. Zadnji dio moje disertacije odnosi se na iskorištavanja defekata
u 1L MoS2 u svrhu poboljšavanja postojećih svojstava ili uvođenja novih. Korištenjem
mješavine različitih metalnih prekursora moguće je sintetizirati legure ili heterostrukture
preciznim kontroliranjem TG tijekom procesa CVD sinteze. U petom poglavlju predstavii
ljene su preliminarne analize optičkih spektara jednoslojne Mo1−xWxS2 legure i složene
WS2/MoS2 heterostrukture.
Keywords
2D materials
CVD synthesis
MoS2 crystal quality
defect-engineering
TMD alloys and heterostructures
Keywords (english)
2D materijali
CVD sinteza
MoS2 kristaliničnost
TMD legure i heterostrukture
Language english
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:194:310475
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Study programme Title: Obtaining a doctorate of science outside of doctoral studies Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti (doktor/doktorica znanosti)
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Created on 2024-01-22 08:16:05